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USDA Study Finds 80% Of Chesapeake Bay Farms Have High, Moderate Conservation Needs
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Effective use of conservation practices and systems by farmers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed are reducing sediment and nutrient losses from cultivated cropland, according to a new U.S. Department of Agriculture study released this week.
The study, “Assessment of Conservation Practices on Cultivated Cropland in the Chesapeake Bay Region,” quantifies these environmental gains and identifies opportunities for further progress.
Three levels of treatment needs were documented in the study: 19 percent of farmland had a a high level of need for conservation treatment, 61 percent had a moderate need for treatment and 20 percent had a low level need for conservation treatment.
Agriculture land makes up less than 30 percent of the land area in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
“Agriculture plays an important role in protecting water quality and maintaining economic stability in this watershed,” said Dave White, Chief of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, as he announced the study results today. “This study confirms that farmers are reducing sediment and nutrient losses from their fields. Our voluntary, incentives-based conservation approach is delivering significant and proven results. This study will help us improve our conservation practices in the Chesapeake Bay area.”
The study also shows that there are opportunities for further reductions of sediment and nutrient losses from agriculture by focusing conservation activities on the most vulnerable acres. Well managed farmland is among the best land uses for sustaining natural resources in the watershed. Conserving working lands will be instrumental in meeting objectives for a healthy Chesapeake Bay.
Key findings of the Conservation Effects Assessment Project study include:
-- Conservation practices have reduced edge-of-field losses of sediment by 55 percent, nitrogen in surface runoff by 42 percent, nitrogen in subsurface flow by 31 percent and phosphorus by 40 percent.
-- Targeting enhances effectiveness and efficiency. Use of additional conservation practices on acres with a high need for additional treatment can reduce per-acre sediment and nutrient losses by more than twice that of treatment of acres with low or moderate conservation needs.
-- Comprehensive conservation planning and implementation are essential. The study shows that the most significant conservation concern on cultivated cropland in the watershed is the loss of nitrogen by leaching and overland flow. Suites of conservation practices that include soil erosion and comprehensive nutrient management are required to address soil erosion and nutrient losses simultaneously.
Chesapeake Bay Foundation President William Baker said, "With 80 percent of the cropland needing additional treatment, this report clearly shows that there is more work to be done to reduce pollution from agriculture. And farmers who work on thin margins need public assistance to help pay for the cost of pollution-reduction practices. Farmers and clean water will suffer if a significant part of that assistance is eliminated as a result of the Goodlatte amendment. Local and state governments, farmers, and other small businesses could lose up to $300 million this year alone under the Goodlatte proposal."
Doug Siglin, Federal Affairs Director for CBF, said, "CBF concurs with the report's conclusion that targeting technical assistance and funding on farmland with the highest needs, as well as installing a suite of conservation practices, will provide the most pollution reduction. It was instructive to learn that, per acre, cropland in the Bay region produces more pollution that cropland in the Upper Mid-West. This clearly reinforces the need for more and better technical and financial assistance through the Farm Bill and other programs."
The CEAP results will be used to improve the focus on priority conservation needs and results in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. This is the second CEAP study for cultivated cropland. NRCS is the lead USDA agency for CEAP.
A copy of the report is available online.
Taking Stock Of The Chesapeake Bay
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3/21/2011 |
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