Many Pennsylvania farmers in the Chesapeake Bay watershed have voluntarily implemented, at their own expense, practices aimed at improving water quality, according to newly released survey research conducted by Penn State's College of Agricultural Sciences.

The survey results were provided to DEP and presented Thursday to the Chesapeake Bay Program's Agriculture Workgroup, which approved the survey process and was expected to recommend that EPA incorporate the results as part of this documentation and verification effort.

The study — built around a survey that nearly 7,000 farmers responded to — presents the first comprehensive inventory of farmers' voluntary use of water-quality best management practices.

The study stemmed from agricultural leaders' desire to document measures Pennsylvania farmers have taken on their own, without federal or state funding, to reduce nitrogen and sediment levels in local streams, rivers and lakes.

The Department of Environmental Protection, which funded the research along with Penn State, expressed interest in having the study done.

The study began with the Penn State Survey Research Center administering a survey in early 2016. A total of 6,782 farmers in 41 counties in the Chesapeake Bay watershed completed the survey, and researchers analyzed the responses.

To verify response accuracy, researchers then randomly selected more than 700 of the respondents for farm visits in August by dozens of trained and experienced Penn State Extension staff.

Respondents reported implementing and covering the cost of the following water-quality best management practices:

-- 475,800 acres of nutrient/manure management;

-- 97,562 acres of enhanced nutrient management;

-- 2,164 animal-waste storage units;

-- 2,106 barnyard runoff-control systems;

-- 55,073 acres of agricultural erosion and sedimentation control plans;

-- 228,264 acres of conservation plans;

-- More than 1.3 million linear feet of streambank fencing;

-- 1,757 acres of grass riparian buffers; and

-- 5,808 acres of forested riparian buffers.

These farm conservation practices represent new practices never before counted toward Pennsylvania’s obligations to install approved practices that reduce nutrient and sedimentation in water runoff.

The verification component of the survey confirmed that farmers were accurate in their reporting, according to Matthew Royer, director of the Penn State Agriculture and Environment Center, who oversaw the survey project.

"This survey is extremely valuable in reporting voluntary practices that, to date, have not been adequately captured and reported for credit," he said. "The cumulative numbers of conservation practices on the ground are significant and reveal a large amount of conservation being implemented by farmers outside of government cost-share programs. They have put a lot of their dollars and resources into conservation, so they should get credit for that."

Each year, DEP tracks agricultural conservation practices that are implemented to reduce pollution — many of which are government-funded and reported by state and federal agencies to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership to document the Commonwealth's progress toward improving local water quality and restoring the Chesapeake Bay.

However, many Pennsylvania farmers want to ensure that the measures they install voluntarily, without state or federal cost-share, also are credited by the Chesapeake Bay Program Partnership.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program is likely to accept most of these numbers as inputs into the Bay model.  EPA approved the methodology used by Penn State in gathering the survey results.

Nevertheless, Royer said, "it doesn't mean that agriculture as a whole, or all farmers, have implemented what they need to meet water-quality goals — clearly more needs to be done."

Royer said they will be make more survey results available in the future.

"Penn State is pleased to have taken the lead in documenting best management practices implemented by farmers," said Rick Roush, dean of the College of Agricultural Sciences. "We place a high priority on research and extension programs aimed at improving the Chesapeake Bay and working with our partners to develop new strategies for accelerating agriculture's efforts to meet water-quality goals while continuing to support a vibrant and viable ag economy."

Click Here to find a copy of presentation slides and a recording of a December 16 webinar held by DEP, Agriculture, Penn State and EPA on the survey results.

The survey approach reflects the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Strategy announced by Gov. Tom Wolf in January, which calls for public and private collaboration to maintain the quality of local waters in Pennsylvania through technical and financial assistance, technology, expanded data gathering, improved program coordination and capacity, and stronger enforcement and compliance measures when necessary.

The survey was developed collaboratively by Penn State, PA Farm Bureau, PennAg Industries Association, PA Farmers Union, PA Association for Sustainable Agriculture, Professional Dairy Managers of PA, Department of Agriculture, the State Conservation Commission, the PA Association of Conservation Districts, and DEP.

For more information on the survey, contact Matthew Royer, Director of Penn State’s Agriculture and Environment Center, by calling 814-863-8756 or send email to: mzr154@psu.edu.

More information on Pennsylvania’s strategy for comply with Chesapeake Bay clean water mandates, is available on DEP’s Chesapeake Bay Office webpage.

For more on Chesapeake Bay-related issues in Pennsylvania, visit the Chesapeake Bay Foundation-PA webpage.  Click Here to sign up for Pennsylvania updates (bottom of left column).  Click Here for a copy of CBF-PA’s most recent newsletter.

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[Posted Dec. 15, 2016]

12/19/2016